Pain guide · Shoulder pain
Arm pain is common, and most of it comes from the shoulder, the elbow and forearm, the wrist or a nerve in the neck. Where it hurts and what brings it on usually point to the cause: an ache down the outside of the upper arm when you lift it is usually the shoulder, pain near the elbow when you grip is usually a tendon, and a burning pain with pins and needles running down from the neck is usually a nerve.
Heart pain can be felt in either arm, so this guide starts with the signs that need help today, from a 999 call or accident and emergency (A&E) to the National Health Service's 111 line (NHS 111) or a general practitioner (GP). Then find your pain on the map, read what the research supports, and follow the three-stage plan: keep the arm moving, build strength at the shoulder, elbow and forearm, and bring back lifting, carrying and gripping.
Exercise is for pain that has been checked or is clearly mild and settling.
Location narrows the likely causes; it does not diagnose.
Usually the rotator cuff at the shoulder; the biceps at the front, or the triceps at the back near the elbow. Our upper arm pain guide maps them.
Read: Upper arm pain →The front of the shoulderThe rotator cuff, the biceps tendon, the joint at the outer end of the collarbone (the acromioclavicular or AC joint) or a pec. Our front of shoulder guide maps them.
Read: Front of shoulder pain →A deep ache, stiff in every direction, hard to turn the arm outwards (a coat, a back pocket), often worse at nightPossibly frozen shoulder.
Read: Frozen shoulder →The outside of the elbow and the top of the forearm, worse gripping, lifting or turning a handleUsually tennis elbow, which the NHS says can cause pain in the forearm too.
Read: Tennis elbow →The inside of the elbow, worse gripping and liftingUsually golfer's elbow.
Read: Golfer's elbow →Between the elbow and the wristOur forearm pain guide maps the tendons, the nerves and the rarer causes.
Read: Forearm pain →Tingling, numbness or an ache in the hand and fingers, often worse at nightOften carpal tunnel syndrome, a squeezed nerve at the wrist, which the NHS says can also cause pain in the arm.
Read: Carpal tunnel syndrome →Tingling in the ring and little fingers, worse with the elbow bentUsually the ulnar nerve at the elbow.
Read: Ulnar nerve entrapment →From the neck or shoulder blade down the arm, often past the elbow: a burning or sharp pain with pins and needles, numbness or weakness, worse with some neck movementsA pinched nerve in the neck, which can be felt in the arm even when the neck doesn't hurt. Some people find it eases with a hand resting on top of the head.
Read: Pinched nerve in the neck →Pressure on the spinal cord in the neck can do this: get it checked urgently, as the warning signs say.
Possibly thoracic outlet syndrome, which is uncommon.
Read: Thoracic outlet syndrome →Sudden, severe shoulder or arm pain, often at night and needing strong painkillers, then patchy weakness or a shoulder blade that sticks out days laterPossibly neuralgic amyotrophy, an inflamed nerve to the shoulder and arm: see a GP promptly. Our winged scapula guide covers it.
Read: Winged scapula →A sudden pop during a lift, then bruising and a bulge in the upper arm, or a gap at the front of the elbowA possible torn biceps tendon: get it checked the same day. Our upper arm pain guide covers both kinds.
Read: Upper arm pain →After a fall or a blow: pain, swelling, bruising, a change of shape, numbness, or an arm you can't useA possible break: go to A&E if the arm is numb, out of shape or a bone is showing.
Read: Broken arm →Possible acute compartment syndrome: call 999 or go to A&E.
A possible blood clot in the arm: get help the same day.
The heart: call 999.
Possibly angina, a sign of a heart problem: get help from NHS 111.
A possible stroke: call 999, even if it passes.
Normal: the NHS says soreness after a flu jab gets better within 1 to 2 days, and bruising after a blood test goes after a few days.
Delayed onset muscle soreness. Our muscle soreness guide covers what helps.
Possibly polymyalgia rheumatica: see the warning signs.
Muscle pain is a known side effect: speak to a pharmacist or doctor, and talk to them before stopping it.
Possibly lymphoedema: see a GP. Red, hot, painful skin over it can be cellulitis, its commonest complication, which needs an urgent GP appointment or NHS 111.
Possibly complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): contact your team or GP promptly.
Read: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) →Rarely a bone tumour: see a GP.
Our shoulder pain when lifting the arm guide.
Read: Shoulder pain lifting your arm →Arm pain mainly at nightOur shoulder pain at night guide.
Read: Shoulder pain at night →Elbow or forearm pain when you lift, carry or gripOur elbow pain when lifting guide.
Read: Elbow pain when lifting →An aching wrist and forearm from typing or using a mouseOur typing guide.
Read: Wrist pain from typing →The NHS lists the usual causes of arm and elbow pain apart from an injury: tennis elbow, tendonitis or bursitis, sprains and strains, frozen shoulder, arthritis and, rarely, a joint infection. It asks you not to self-diagnose, and to see a GP if you're worried. So the map above points to a likely cause and the guide that covers it; an examination decides.
Source 1
In a survey of 9,696 working-age adults in Britain, more than half of those who replied (3,152 of 6,038) had symptoms somewhere between the shoulder and the hand, and 44.8% of those with pain had a specific problem when examined. Shoulder problems were the commonest: shoulder tendinitis in 4.5% of men and 6.1% of women, and restricted shoulder movement recorded as frozen shoulder in 8.2% and 10.1%, against tennis elbow in about 1%.
In two Dutch general practices, 47% of new neck, shoulder or arm complaints were coded as a shoulder problem. Studies define arm pain so differently that their estimates of how common it is range from 1.6% to 53%, so these figures show the pattern rather than exact numbers. NHS inform adds that a shoulder problem can be felt down the arm, and that pain felt in the shoulder can come from the neck even when the neck doesn't hurt.
Tennis elbow causes pain on the outside of the elbow, worse lifting or bending the arm, gripping or moving the wrist, and the NHS says it can cause pain in the forearm too; golfer's elbow, on the inside, has its own guide. Carpal tunnel syndrome, pressure on a nerve at the wrist, causes tingling, numbness and pain in the hand and fingers, usually worse at night, and an ache or pain that can reach the arm. NHS inform expects most new elbow problems to begin to settle within 6 weeks.
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) says a pinched nerve in the neck (cervical radiculopathy) usually causes a burning or sharp pain that starts at the neck and travels down the arm, with pins and needles, numbness or weakness, and some neck movements make it worse; some people find it eases with a hand resting on top of the head. In a Minnesota population it affected 83 people per 100,000 a year, most often at 50 to 54.
The AAOS lists the conditions that can mimic it, including arthritis of the joints at either end of the collarbone, thoracic outlet syndrome, nerves trapped at the elbow or wrist, and heart disease. NHS inform says numbness, pins and needles or weakness in one or both arms that is getting worse needs an urgent GP appointment.
Neuralgic amyotrophy is an inflamed nerve to the shoulder and arm: a sudden, severe pain, often at night, followed by patchy weakness, such as a shoulder blade that sticks out. In one Dutch study in two general practices whose doctors had special training, about 1 in 1,000 people a year had it, far more than once thought. In 246 people seen at a Dutch hospital, the first severe pain lasted about 4 weeks on average, and about two-thirds of those followed for 3 years or more still had some pain or weakness. Our winged scapula guide covers it.
The thoracic outlet is the space between the collarbone and the first rib, where nerves and blood vessels pass to the arm. When they are squashed, the NHS says it usually affects one arm and hand: pins and needles that can wake you at night, an arm that tires easily, pain and swelling, a cold hand and arm, or a hand that turns blue, grey or pale. The AAOS says overhead activities make it worse, and that treatment usually doesn't include surgery; physiotherapy comes first.
After an injury, a broken arm or wrist is painful, swollen, bruised and difficult to move, and may change colour or shape or feel numb, the NHS says; an X-ray shows whether it's broken and how badly. It usually takes around 6 to 12 weeks to recover.
Source 15
Pain or soreness where a flu jab was given is its commonest side effect and gets better within 1 to 2 days, and bruising or swelling where blood was taken goes after a few days, the NHS says. Soreness a day or two after unfamiliar exercise, especially lowering work, is delayed onset muscle soreness, which fades over a few days. Muscle pain is a listed side effect of statins; the NHS asks you to talk to a doctor or pharmacist before stopping one.
The NHS says call 999 for arm pain that comes on suddenly with pressure, heaviness or squeezing across your chest. Its angina and chest pain pages say heart pain can spread to your left or right arm, or your neck, jaw, shoulder, stomach or back, and that angina is often brought on by exercise, stress, emotion or cold and eases within a few minutes of rest. In two reviews of people seen in emergency departments with chest pain, pain spreading to both arms was one of the strongest signs of a heart attack. Heart attacks without chest pain were more common in women (42% against 31% of men in a US registry of over a million people), and the British Heart Foundation (BHF) lists pain spreading to either arm.
A clot in an arm causes throbbing pain, swelling and red, blue or darker skin. Polymyalgia rheumatica causes morning stiffness of the shoulders lasting more than 45 minutes, mostly in people over 65 and very rarely under 50 (an NHS page past its review date). A swollen, heavy arm after treatment for breast cancer or to the lymph nodes can be lymphoedema, and red, hot, swollen skin can be cellulitis. Complex regional pain syndrome causes pain far worse and longer-lasting than the injury that set it off. Bone pain that is constant or worse at night, or a lump, needs a GP.
Sources 1, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32
Most arm pain is diagnosed from the story and an examination. After an injury, an X-ray shows a break. For a pinched nerve, the AAOS describes X-rays, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and nerve tests when it doesn't settle or the cause is unclear, and says nearly half of middle-aged and older people have worn discs and pinched nerves that cause no symptoms. For a shoulder that isn't improving, the NHS says a health professional may arrange an X-ray to check the cause.
Suspected heart pain needs an electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood tests in hospital, and a suspected clot an ultrasound scan, which the NHS says should be within 24 hours.
NHS inform expects new shoulder and elbow problems to begin to settle within 6 weeks; the NHS says shoulder pain usually needs 2 weeks of looking after it yourself before it starts to ease, and can take 6 months or longer to recover (a page past its review date). Arm pain from a pinched nerve eased by about 3 points a week on a 100-point scale even with no treatment in a Dutch trial, and in a Minnesota population 90% were free of symptoms or only mildly limited about 5 years later, though about a third had another episode.
A broken arm usually takes around 6 to 12 weeks to recover, and neuralgic amyotrophy is slower. No one can promise a date.
The NHS says stay active and gently move your shoulder, and don't completely stop using it, because this can stop it getting better; don't do things that make it worse, make up your own strenuous exercises or use heavy gym equipment. NHS inform asks you to move a new shoulder problem gently for 10 to 20 seconds every hour at first, then use it more, and to avoid sport or heavy lifting until you have less discomfort and good movement; for soft tissue injuries generally, it says too much rest can slow your recovery.
For arm and elbow pain, the NHS suggests a heat pack or frozen peas wrapped in a tea towel for 10 to 15 minutes every few hours, painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, and raising the arm if it's swollen.
In 102 people with shoulder pain lasting more than 6 months whom earlier treatment hadn't helped, a specific programme of slow-lowering rotator cuff and shoulder-blade exercises improved a shoulder score by 24 points against 9 with general neck and shoulder movements, and 69% against 24% reported success. In 708 people with a newer rotator cuff problem, up to six sessions of progressive exercise were no better over 12 months than one session of advice from a physiotherapist, and a steroid injection gave no long-term benefit.
NHS inform's shoulder exercises build from 2 or 3 repetitions every hour to at most 2 sets of 15, keeping pain at 5 out of 10 or less.
In 537 industrial technicians, resistance training for the shoulder, neck and arm three times a week for 20 weeks reduced forearm pain and work disability by a small amount (4 to 5 points out of 100) against carrying on as usual. Among those in more pain at the start, the chance of a complete recovery was about 4.6 times higher. It is one trial, in workers rather than patients.
Source 39
A review of 44 trials in 6,580 people with work-related arm, neck or shoulder complaints found very low-quality evidence that exercise did no better than no treatment. Changes to the workplace and equipment didn't reduce pain in the short term but did in the long term, in low-quality evidence. So this guide treats exercise as the main treatment for the shoulder and forearm problems behind most arm pain, without promising that it fixes arm pain as such.
Source 40
In 205 people whose arm symptoms from the neck had started within the last month, 6 weeks of physiotherapy with home exercises, or a semi-hard collar with rest for 3 to 6 weeks, eased arm pain by about 12 points more on a 100-point scale than waiting, at 6 weeks. The AAOS describes a soft collar for a short time only, because long-term wear can weaken the neck muscles, and for ordinary neck pain the NHS says don't wear a collar unless a doctor tells you to. Our pinched nerve guide has the plan.
At the shoulder and upper arm, pain up to about 5 out of 10 during the exercises is acceptable, and by your next session it should be back to where it was before; if it isn't, use a lighter band or a smaller range next time, not nothing. A shoulder trial used that limit to set each person's load, and NHS inform's shoulder and elbow exercises use the same 0 to 5 range.
At the elbow and forearm, keep it to mild discomfort, about 3 to 4 out of 10, settling within an hour, with the elbow no worse the next morning, as our elbow guides suggest.
Tingling, numbness or pain that spreads further down the arm sets the limit: make the movement smaller or leave it out, as our pinched nerve guide says.
These limits are editorial: borrowed from the site's pain-monitoring guides and untested for arm pain as a whole. In trials of long-lasting muscle and joint pain, exercise that allowed some pain did no worse than pain-free exercise. Arm pain with pressure in the chest, breathlessness or sweating, arm pain that comes with exercise and eases with rest, or a weak arm with a drooping face are not pain-rule questions: see the warning signs.
Start at the first stage. Each move opens a full guide with a 3D demo.
About the first 2 weeks. Stay active and move gently, don't completely stop using the arm, and don't do what makes it worse or use heavy gym equipment, as the NHS says. Use the shoulder moves for pain at the shoulder or upper arm, the elbow and wrist moves for pain at the elbow or forearm, and the chin tuck when the neck is stiff too. A break, a torn tendon or a pinched nerve has its own guide and plan.
3D demoPendulum exercise (Codman's pendulum)Beginner · A bench or boxAbout 1 minute (10 small circles each way), 2 to 3 times a day · The move page's dose, which it labels an editorial starting point; NHS inform's pendulum swings
3D demoElbow bend and straighten (elbow range of motion)Beginner · No equipment10 slow reps, up to 4 times a day · The move page's dose, from an NHS leaflet; NHS inform's first elbow exercise
Harder: Dumbbell biceps curl
3D demoWrist & forearm flowBeginner · No equipment10 slow reps each direction, 2 to 3 times a day · As in our forearm guide (an editorial dose); NHS inform's forearm turn is the same movement
Easier: Wrist circles · Harder: Wrist flexor stretch
3D demoStanding band external rotationBeginner · A band + An anchor point2 to 3 sets of 15, light band, elbow at your side · The dose our upper arm and rotator cuff guides use (editorial)
Easier: Stick-assisted external rotation (lying) · Harder: Side-lying external rotation
3D demoReverse wrist curlBeginner · A dumbbell + A bench or boxHeld still: 5 holds of 30 to 45 s, once a day, wrist level, forearm supported · For the outer elbow and forearm, as in our forearm and tennis elbow guides; the move page says hold still if lifting hurts
Easier: Wrist-extensor eccentrics · Harder: Plate pinch
3D demoChin tuckBeginner · No equipment5 to 10 slow reps with a 5 s hold, 2 to 3 times a day · As in our stiff neck guide (editorial). Stop if it sends symptoms further down the arm
Easier: Lying chin tuck · Harder: Isometric neck holds (four-way)
Move on when: Everyday reaching and gripping are easier, the arm is back to its starting level by the next session, and nothing is spreading further down the arm.
About weeks 2 to 6, 3 to 5 days a week. Slow lowering for the rotator cuff and control of the shoulder blade, the core of the shoulder trial's programme; slow lifting and lowering for the forearm. Pick the moves that match where it hurts.
3D demoSide-lying external rotationBeginner · A dumbbell3 sets of 15, lowering over 3 s · The dose our upper arm and rotator cuff guides use; NHS inform's side-lying lift with a tin of beans
Easier: Standing band external rotation · Harder: Cuban rotation
3D demoScaption raiseBeginner · A dumbbell3 sets of 15, thumbs up, to shoulder height · As in our upper arm and front of shoulder guides (editorial)
Easier: Band lateral raise · Harder: Smith machine upright row
3D demoWrist-extensor eccentricsBeginner · A dumbbell3 sets of 15, once a day, lowering over 3 to 4 s · For the outer elbow, as in our forearm and tennis elbow guides; the move page allows a mild working ache
Harder: Wrist curls
3D demoWrist curlsBeginner · A dumbbell3 sets of 10 to 15, once a day, lowering over 3 to 6 s · For the inner elbow, as in our forearm and golfer's elbow guides
Easier: Wrist-extensor eccentrics · Harder: Plate pinch
3D demoDumbbell biceps curlBeginner · A dumbbell3 sets of 15, lifting in 1 s and lowering over 3 to 4 s · As in our upper arm guide (editorial); the move page says tendon complaints cope better with lighter weights and slower lowering
Easier: Seated dumbbell curl · Harder: Incline inner biceps curl
3D demoMedian nerve slider (neck-to-arm nerve glide)Beginner · A bench or box10 slow repetitions, 2 to 3 times a day · The move page's dose, which it labels editorial. Only for arm symptoms from the neck once the worst days have passed; any extra tingling should settle within an hour, as the page says
Harder: Median nerve glide (six hand positions, for carpal tunnel)
Move on when: 3 sets of 15 side-lying lifts stay within the shoulder rule and settle by the next session, the wrist work passes the elbow rule with the elbow fine the next morning, and any tingling isn't spreading.
From about week 6, two or three sessions a week, one change at a time, while everyday lifting and gripping come back by the written steps below. Keep some rotator cuff and forearm work in your week. The doses are editorial, as our sibling guides use them.
3D demoIncline push-upBeginner · A bench or box3 sets of 8 to 12 · As in our upper arm guide; then full push-ups
Easier: Wall push-up · Harder: Push-up
3D demoChest-supported dumbbell rowBeginner · A dumbbell + A bench or box3 sets of 8 to 12, with a neutral grip · As in our upper arm and forearm guides
3D demoHammer curlBeginner · A dumbbell3 sets of 8 to 12 · As in our upper arm and forearm guides; leave thumb-up curls until thumb-side wrist pain has settled, as the move page says
Easier: Seated dumbbell curl · Harder: Alternating hammer curl
3D demoShoulder press with a bandBeginner · A band3 sets of 8 to 12, if reaching overhead is comfortable · As in our upper arm guide
Harder: Push press
3D demoFarmer's carryIntermediate · A dumbbell + A kettlebell3 walks of 20 to 30 m, building the weight over weeks · As in our forearm and biceps guides; carry close at your sides
Harder: Suitcase carry
Move on when: Our suggestion: your usual reaching, lifting, carrying, gripping and sport stay within the pain rule, with the arm back to its starting level by the next day. If it flares, drop back a stage for a few days rather than stopping.
Our 3D figure can't show these changes. They come from the NHS and NHS inform unless marked as our suggestion.
No trial has tested how to bring these back after arm pain as a whole. These steps are our suggestion unless a source is named.
| Habit or position | Why it matters | Instead |
|---|---|---|
| Stopping using the arm, or a sling without an injury | The NHS says don't completely stop using a painful shoulder, because this can stop it getting better. | Gentle movement every day within the pain rule, such as pendulum swings.Try: Pendulum exercise (Codman's pendulum) |
| Heavy overhead pressing while it's sore | The NHS says no heavy gym equipment for now, and NHS inform says avoid heavy lifting until movement is good. | Pressing below shoulder height, such as the floor press, then band presses overhead in stage 3.Try: Dumbbell floor press |
| Behind-the-neck presses and pulldowns | The move page says leave it out with neck or shoulder pain, and the lat pulldown's page says pull to the collarbone, not behind the neck. | Press and pull in front of you.Try: Lat pulldown |
| Long holds with the elbow fully bent when the ring and little fingers tingle | The elbow bend's move page says skip long holds at full bend, which squeeze the ulnar nerve. | Gentle forearm and wrist movement without long holds.Try: Wrist & forearm flow |
| Side neck stretches that send tingling down the arm | Tilting the head away from a sore arm can bring on nerve symptoms, as our neck pain guide's stretch table says. | Chin tucks within comfort.Try: Chin tuck |
| Pushing through arm pain that comes on with exercise and eases with rest | The NHS sends this to NHS 111: it can be angina. | Stop, and get it checked before you train hard again. |
A 25-minute band routine for healthy shoulders: move the shoulder and upper back through their range, then strengthen the rotator cuff and shoulder blades.
25 minBeginner12 movesA wall, A bandWrist mobility and forearm strength for desk work, climbing, push-ups and handstands.
10 minBeginner7 movesA wall, A dumbbellA full-body resistance band workout: squats, rows, push-ups, presses, pull-aparts, band walks, good mornings and flyes.
30 minBeginner9 movesA band, An anchor pointBiceps, triceps and forearms: curls, hammer curls, skull crushers, pushdowns, concentration curls and dips.
35 minBeginner7 movesA dumbbell, A bench or boxA 20-minute grip session: warm up the wrists and fingers, train the hand and forearm muscles, then carry and hang to load your grip the way everyday life does.
20 minBeginner10 movesOther / check instructions, A bandEight gentle neck and shoulder stretches for desk stiffness, done standing or seated in ten minutes.
10 minBeginner8 movesA wallMost arm pain comes from the shoulder (often the rotator cuff, felt down the outside of the upper arm), the elbow and forearm (tennis or golfer's elbow), the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome) or a nerve from the neck. Less often it is a break, a clot or the heart. Where it hurts and what brings it on point to which, and our map sends each to its guide.
Heart pain in the arm usually comes with pressure, heaviness or squeezing in the chest, breathlessness, sweating or feeling sick: call 999. Arm, neck or jaw discomfort that comes on with exercise or stress and eases within a few minutes of rest can be angina: get help from NHS 111. It can be either arm.
Yes. The NHS says heart pain can spread to your left or right arm, and pain spreading to both arms was one of the strongest signs of a heart attack in reviews of people seen in emergency departments. Judge it by the company it keeps, not the side.
Usually not: most arm pain comes from the shoulder, elbow or neck. But heart attacks can happen without chest pain, more often in women (42% against 31% of men in one large registry). Sudden arm pain with breathlessness, sweating, feeling sick or light-headedness is a 999 call, and arm pain that comes with exercise and settles with rest needs NHS 111.
Usually a burning or sharp pain running from the neck or shoulder blade down the arm, often with pins and needles, numbness or weakness, and worse with some neck movements; some people find it eases with a hand resting on the head. Most people recover, but weakness or numbness that is getting worse needs a same-day check. Our pinched nerve guide covers it.
Usually the rotator cuff, which is felt down the outside of the upper arm and is worse lifting the arm out or overhead, reaching behind you or lying on it. The biceps at the front, the triceps at the back and a nerve from the neck are other causes. Our upper arm pain guide maps them.
Near the elbow it's usually tennis elbow (on the outside) or golfer's elbow (on the inside), from gripping and lifting. Tingling in the hand and fingers points to a nerve at the elbow or wrist. Our forearm pain guide maps the causes and has a plan.
A sore arm is the commonest side effect of a flu jab and gets better within 1 to 2 days, and bruising or swelling after a blood test goes after a few days. A sore arm that is getting worse, or shoulder pain and stiffness that last more than a couple of weeks, should be checked by a GP.
That is usually delayed onset muscle soreness, which follows unfamiliar exercise, especially lowering work, and fades over a few days. Gentle exercise eases it for a while, and stretching and cold made no difference in a review.
Not completely. The NHS says don't stop using a painful shoulder, and NHS inform says too much rest can slow your recovery. Keep pain during exercise at about 5 out of 10 or less, settling by the next morning, and build strength; that helped shoulder and forearm pain in trials.
Call 999 or go to A&E for the warning signs at the top of this page. Otherwise, see a GP if arm pain hasn't gone after a few weeks, or a shoulder hasn't improved after 2 weeks of looking after it. In many areas you can refer yourself to physiotherapy.
Rarely. A clot in the arm causes throbbing pain and swelling with red, blue or darker skin and swollen veins: ask for an urgent GP appointment or call NHS 111. Call 999 if you also feel breathless or have chest pain.
Exercise education, not a diagnosis or treatment plan. It is written from the guidelines and studies listed above; review by a clinician is pending. If your pain follows an injury, is severe, is getting worse, or comes with any warning sign listed on this page, get it assessed. Health disclaimer.
