Yellow skin or eyes: urgent GP appointment or NHS 111
- Your skin or the whites of your eyes turn yellow (jaundice), perhaps with itchy skin, darker pee and paler poo.
- You have cirrhosis and you're more short of breath than usual, or your tummy, legs, ankles or feet are swelling.
Sources 16, 36, 37
Jaundice, in the NHS's words
"Jaundice is when your skin or the whites of your eyes turn yellow. It can be a sign of something serious, such as liver disease, so you need to get urgent medical help." And: "Yellowing of the skin may be less noticeable if you have brown or black skin, but the white part of your eyes will look yellow."
Source 16
Vomiting blood or black poo: call 999
- You're vomiting blood (it can look bright red, brown or black, or like coffee granules) and feel unwell, confused, faint or dizzy, have rapid or shallow breathing, cold, clammy, pale skin, tummy pain or black poo.
- You have cirrhosis and you're vomiting blood, your poo is very dark or black, or you suddenly become confused or have slurred speech.
Sources 37, 36, 38
Signs of more advanced liver disease: tell a doctor
Liver UK lists these signs of more advanced liver disease:
- Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes.
- Dark urine.
- A swollen tummy (ascites), or swollen legs, ankles or feet.
- Weight loss you can't explain.
- Vomiting blood, or dark, black, tarry poo.
- Confusion, memory problems, mood changes or poor judgement.
- Itchy skin.
Source 39
Kidney injury or muscle breakdown
The NHS says to ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if you think you may have acute kidney injury: peeing a lot less than usual, feeling very thirsty, feeling or being sick, swollen feet or legs, feeling tired, dizzy, confused or sleepy, or feeling breathless, especially when you lie down.
Muscle pain, swelling or weakness far worse than the session explains, and dark pee (red, brown, tea or cola coloured), sometimes starting hours or days later. Dark pee isn't always there, so muscles far sorer, more swollen or weaker than the session explains still need the same-day check. Get medical help the same day: call NHS 111, or go to A&E if you feel very unwell. Call 999 for sudden, severe pain in a swollen, tight muscle.
Sources 18, 40
A kidney infection
Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if you think you may have a kidney infection (often pain in your lower back or side, with burning or stinging when you pee or needing to pee more often) and you have a very high temperature or feel hot, cold or shivery, a temperature below 36C, pain in the lower tummy or in the back just under the ribs, blood in your pee, you feel or are sick, you haven't had a pee all day, or you're pregnant. Call 999 or go to A&E if you're confused, drowsy or have difficulty speaking.
Source 41
Worried about your liver or kidneys
The NHS: "See a GP if you have persistent or worrying symptoms that you think could be caused by kidney disease." Liver UK: "If you think you might be at risk of liver disease do not wait until you get symptoms. Speak to your GP." Early liver and kidney disease usually causes no symptoms, so a GP's blood test is the check, not a cleanse.
Sources 10, 19
Dizzy, very tired or dark pee after a fast, a laxative tea or a hot class
Ask for an urgent GP appointment or call NHS 111 if you feel unusually tired, dizzy when you stand up and it doesn't go away, or have dark yellow pee. Call 999 for confusion, cold or blotchy skin, or fast breathing.
Sources 42, 43
After a hot class
Call 999 if someone is still unwell after 30 minutes of resting in a cool place, being cooled and drinking fluids, or has a very high temperature, hot skin that's not sweating, a fast heartbeat, fast breathing or shortness of breath, confusion and lack of coordination, a seizure or fit, or loses consciousness (the NHS's heatstroke signs).
Source 43
Don't over-drink
Over-drinking can dangerously lower blood sodium. Replace about 1 to 1.5 times what you sweat, with no need for more than about 3 litres.
Source 25
Don't stack them
Don't fast, take laxative detox teas or sit in a hot room on the same day as a vigorous or hot class, and eat and drink normally before yoga (our suggestion).
Sources 17, 42
Feeling faint or sick in a class
It isn't toxins leaving. The NHS says that if you feel you're about to faint, lie down with your legs raised, or sit with your head lowered between your knees. In a hot room, dizziness can be heat exhaustion: move somewhere cooler and drink some water, and call 999 for the heatstroke signs above (our suggestion, from the NHS pages).
Sources 44, 43
Alcohol: get medical help before you stop
The NHS: "It can be very dangerous to stop drinking suddenly if you're dependent on alcohol. If you get withdrawal symptoms, get medical help before you try to stop drinking." Our yoga for addiction recovery guide covers where yoga fits. After a heavy weekend, a normal day of water, food, sleep and a walk is the detox; sweating in a hot class doesn't clear alcohol faster (our suggestion).
Source 45
Eating, weight and laxatives
The NHS lists spending a lot of time worrying about your weight and body shape, eating very little food, exercising too much, and having very strict routines around food among the signs of an eating disorder, and says to see a GP as soon as you can. Worrying a lot about one area of your body can be body dysmorphic disorder. Beat's helpline in England is 0808 801 0677, and our eating disorders guide has the other numbers.
Sources 32, 46, 33
Chest pain or fainting while exercising: call 999
Call 999 if:
- You get sudden pain or discomfort in your chest that doesn't go away; it can feel like squeezing or pressure, burning or indigestion.
- The pain spreads to your left or right arm, or your neck, jaw, stomach or back.
- You have chest pain and feel sweaty, sick, light-headed or short of breath.
- Someone faints while exercising, can't be woken within 1 minute, or has chest pain or a pounding, fluttering or irregular heartbeat.
Sources 47, 44
Unusual breathlessness
Call 999 or go to A&E (accident and emergency) straight away for severe difficulty breathing (gasping, choking or not able to get words out), a chest that feels tight or heavy, pain that spreads to your arms, back, neck and jaw, lips or skin turning very pale, blue or grey, or sudden confusion. If you're more short of breath than usual, or your heart is racing, fluttering or skipping beats, contact NHS 111.
Source 48
Stop and get medical help
If you get chest pain or pressure, feel faint or dizzy, are unusually breathless, or your heart races or beats irregularly during exercise, as our plans advise.
During yoga
A joint pain that is sharp, gets worse during a session, lingers into the next day or changes how you move is a reason to use an easier version, and to see a GP or physiotherapist if it keeps happening (the rule in our plans). Muscle soreness for a day or two after something new is normal. In a hot class, stop if you feel dizzy, sick or unwell; our hot yoga guide lists the signs of heat illness.
You can say no to any hands-on adjustment, and a teacher registered with Yoga Alliance must get your explicit consent each time.
Sources 34, 49
Head-down poses, bones and pregnancy
With glaucoma, or high blood pressure that isn't under control, skip headstands, shoulder stands and long head-down holds. With osteoporosis, swap deep forward folds for a flat-back hinge from the hips, and twist smoothly. In pregnancy, our yoga in pregnancy guide covers the changes. NCCIH advises beginners to avoid headstands, shoulder stands, the lotus position and forceful breathing.
Sources 50, 34
Before you start
The NHS advises getting advice from a healthcare professional first if you have a health problem, an injury or symptoms, or have recently had a heart attack or an operation.
If you have a heart, lung or joint condition, are pregnant or have recently been unwell, start gently and read our guide for your condition. Muscle soreness for a day or two after a new exercise is common and fades as you repeat it.
If you have a heart condition, follow your cardiac team's advice on how hard to work, and stop for the warning signs above. People with long-term conditions may wish to ask their specialist before starting. With uncontrolled high blood pressure, avoid straining against a held breath; the high blood pressure guide has more.