Pilates doesn't treat vertigo
Our searches found no study of Pilates in vertigo or dizziness of any cause.
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Pilates guide
Pilates for vertigo and dizziness: BPPV and other causes, lying down and rolling up, head positions and balance, which moves to change, what the evidence shows, and a class
Pilates doesn't treat vertigo, and no study has tested it. What treats vertigo depends on the cause: a repositioning manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most common cause, and vestibular rehabilitation exercises for dizziness that lingers after an inner-ear illness. Pilates can sit alongside them, for strength, balance and confidence, once a GP has checked your dizziness.
A lot of mat Pilates uses the positions most likely to set off a spin: lying back, rolling up, rolling over and tipping your head down. This guide explains which moves those are and how to change them, how to tell a spin from feeling light-headed after a class, and the reformer. It ends with a 20-minute class that never lies down or tips your head down, and it starts with the signs that dizziness could be a stroke.
20 moves20 with 3D demosIs Pilates bad for vertigo?Moves that set off a spinDizzy after PilatesThe classWhen to get help
The short version
The cause decides what helps
BPPV is treated with a repositioning manoeuvre such as the Epley, done by a trained clinician, and lasting dizziness after an inner-ear illness with vestibular rehabilitation exercises. Get dizziness checked before you work round it.
A lot of mat Pilates is BPPV trigger positions
Lying back, sitting up, rolling over, lying on your side and tipping your head down can set off a spin in BPPV. In Pilates that means the roll-up, the rolling moves and the moves that take your legs over your head.
Start head-up
Begin with seated Pilates and standing work at a counter, and add lying work once any BPPV is treated and only if it doesn't bring on a spin. The NHS says to move your head carefully and slowly.
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Light-headed or spinning?
Feeling light-headed as you stand up after a class is usually a drop in blood pressure, not vertigo: that's our reading, not something studied in Pilates. Get up in stages, and see a GP if it keeps happening or the room spins.
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Know the stroke signs
Call 999 for dizziness with a drooping face, weak arm, slurred speech, double vision or sudden severe headache, even if it passes.
Which kind of dizziness?
Our exercises for vertigo and yoga for vertigo guides cover the causes in more detail.
Vertigo or dizziness
The NHS says vertigo "feels like you or everything around you is spinning", and "It's more than just feeling dizzy". Dizziness also covers feeling off-balance, giddy, light-headed or faint.
Brief spins when you move your head: BPPV
Tiny crystals in the inner ear move into the wrong place, so certain head movements bring on a spin lasting "seconds to a couple of minutes", as ENT UK puts it. About 2.4% of adults have it at some point; a 2025 UK review found it in about 1 in 10 75-year-olds and in 39% of people sent to a falls clinic, a quarter of whom didn't mention dizziness. It often comes back, more often in older adults and in women.
After an inner-ear infection
Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis cause vertigo, often after a cold or flu, and dizziness can linger. In a small study, people who did balance exercises after vestibular neuritis swayed much less a month later than people who didn't.
Ménière's disease
Attacks of vertigo with hearing loss, ringing or a full feeling in the ear. ENT UK says vestibular rehabilitation "can help improve stability, especially in the later stages".
Vestibular migraine and PPPD
Vestibular migraine causes episodes of vertigo lasting 5 minutes to 72 hours in people with migraine. Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is dizziness or unsteadiness on most days for 3 months or more, worse when upright, moving or in busy places.
Light-headed when you stand up
A drop in blood pressure as you stand is common: in 13 studies of people aged 65 and over, 29% had a large drop in the first seconds after standing, and low blood pressure on standing went with more falls. The NHS links dizziness when standing or sitting up suddenly to a sudden drop in blood pressure.
When it's a stroke
Rarely, dizziness is a stroke: in US emergency departments, 3.2% of people over 44 with dizziness, vertigo or imbalance had a stroke or a mini-stroke, 0.7% of those with dizziness alone. NICE asks for immediate referral when sudden dizziness comes with other signs such as new unsteadiness.
What Pilates asks of your head
Classical mat work moves the head through every BPPV trigger: lying back (the hundred, curl-ups), rolling up to sitting (the roll-up, teaser, neck pull), rolling on the spine (rolling like a ball, the seal), taking the hips over the head (the roll-over, jack knife, control balance, boomerang), lying on your side (the side kick series) and bending forward (the spine stretch, the wall roll-down). On the reformer, the short spine lifts the hips over the head, and getting on and off the carriage means lying down and sitting up (our reading of the moves).
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The treatments that work come first
BPPV: a repositioning manoeuvreStrong evidence
In a Cochrane review of 11 trials (745 people), the Epley manoeuvre cleared BPPV far more often than a sham manoeuvre, though it came back in about a third. US ear, nose and throat surgeons strongly recommend diagnosing it with a positional test and treating it with a repositioning manoeuvre, and NICE asks for a trained professional to do both.
After the manoeuvreStrong evidence
The US guideline strongly recommends against restrictions on movement after a successful manoeuvre, and a 2025 UK review says head movement restrictions "are not indicated". Some leaflets, including ENT UK's, still advise sitting upright for the rest of the day and not sleeping on the affected side for a few days, so follow your own clinician. There's no reason to stop Pilates for weeks; leave the trigger moves out for a day or two if they bring on symptoms (our suggestion).
Brandt-Daroff exercisesEmerging evidence
In 81 people, 80.5% were clear a week after one repositioning manoeuvre against 25% with Brandt-Daroff exercises, and the 2025 UK review advises choosing a repositioning manoeuvre instead. Our exercises for vertigo guide covers them.
Lasting dizziness: vestibular rehabilitationStrong evidence
In a Cochrane review of 39 studies (2,441 people), vestibular rehabilitation reduced dizziness and its effect on daily life, with no side effects. The US physiotherapy guideline sets gaze exercises at least 3 times a day and balance exercises for at least 20 minutes a day for 4 to 6 weeks. Pilates doesn't replace these: they are specific, daily and progressed by a physiotherapist.
What the evidence says
No study of PilatesStrong evidence
Our searches of PubMed, Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov in November 2026 found no study of Pilates in vertigo, BPPV, vestibular weakness, vestibular migraine, Ménière's disease or PPPD. The Pilates balance trials in older adults didn't measure dizziness.
Balance work helps older people with dizzinessEmerging evidence
In 22 trials of 1,876 older people with dizziness, vestibular rehabilitation beat usual care for balance and symptoms. Pilates improved balance tests in older adults generally, about as much as other exercise. NICE recommends falls prevention exercise for balance and strength in older people, and the NHS has balance exercises to try.
Yoga and tai chi: a few small trialsMixed evidence
In 32 people, yoga helped movement sensitivity and vestibular exercises helped daily-life dizziness scores more. Tai chi helped whole-body stability and vestibular rehabilitation helped gaze in a small trial. A review of 7 trials in older people with dizziness found too little good evidence to judge.
Vestibular migraineEmerging evidence
A 2023 Cochrane review could say almost nothing about non-drug treatments. A 2026 review of 7 small, mostly uncontrolled studies found large falls in dizziness scores with vestibular rehabilitation, with results that varied a lot. ENT UK says regular exercise, sleep and diet help reduce attacks.
Does activity cause or prevent BPPV?Mixed evidence
Inactive older women were more likely to have BPPV in one survey, and older adults with BPPV were less active, partly from fear of bringing on symptoms. Intense exercise came before BPPV in only 9 of 430 cases. None of this shows that exercise prevents or causes it.
Pilates moves that can set off a spin
These are the BPPV trigger positions in Pilates terms. Leave them out until a clinician has checked and treated your dizziness, and during a bad spell; afterwards, bring them back slowly if they don't set off a spin (our suggestions, from the BPPV triggers and the NHS advice).
Hips over your head
The roll-over, jack knife, control balance and boomerang, and on the reformer the short spine. Their own cautions for glaucoma, blood pressure and the neck apply too.
Rolling on your spine
Rolling like a ball, the open-leg rocker, the seal and the crab. Leave them out.
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Lying back and sitting up through your spine
The roll-up, teaser, neck pull and half roll back. Roll onto your side to come up instead, and lie back slowly with your head on a cushion or wedge.
Head down standing
The wall roll-down and standing roll-downs on the reformer: roll down only partway, with your head no lower than your heart, and come up slowly, or skip them. The NHS says not to bend over to pick things up during vertigo.
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Tipping your head back and fast turns
Keep your head in line with your spine in the swan and swimming, and turn it slowly. The NHS says not to stretch your neck during vertigo.
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Lying on your side
Do the side kick series on the side that doesn't set off a spin.
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Eyes-closed balance, hot rooms and breath holds
Close your eyes in balance work only once eyes-open balance is easy, and skip hot classes and breath holds (our suggestion, as our yoga for vertigo guide advises).
Dizzy during or after Pilates
A spin, or light-headed?
A short spin when you lie back, roll up or turn over points to BPPV, which needs checking rather than pushing through. Feeling light-headed or faint as you stand up after lying down is more likely a drop in blood pressure. That's our reading of the NHS's descriptions; no one has studied dizziness in Pilates classes.
If a move sets off a spin
Stay still with your eyes on one point until it passes, then come out slowly and sit down (our suggestion). An NHS leaflet says the positions that bring on BPPV symptoms "are not harmful", but get them diagnosed and treated.
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Heat, breath holds and a big meal
The NHS's advice when you feel dizzy includes drinking plenty of fluids and not getting up suddenly. Skip hot classes and breath holds if you get dizzy (our suggestion).
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If it keeps happening
See a GP if dizziness keeps coming back. A GP can test for BPPV with a quick positional test and arrange treatment.
Getting up from the mat
These are our Pilates for PoTS guide's steps, word for word. The NHS vertigo advice is the same idea: get up slowly and sit for a while before standing.
- Finish all your lying moves before you sit up, so you change position as few times as you can.
- Roll onto your side, then push yourself up to sitting with your arms.
- Sit for a minute or so before you kneel or stand.
- Stand up slowly, with a chair or counter within reach.
- Pause before you walk off. If you feel light-headed, cross your legs or clench your buttocks and tummy muscles.
- If you still feel faint, lie down with your legs raised.
See the movement on the 3D figure: Get up and down from the floor
Seated: breath, spine and shoulders
Sit tall on a firm chair, eyes on a point ahead. Lateral breathing: "5 to 8 breaths at the start of every session" (the move page's dose). Seated march: "1 to 2 minutes as a warm-up" (the move page's dose). Shoulder rolls: "10 to 15 slow circles each way" (the move page's dose). Seated upper-back lift: "3 to 5 repetitions, each held 3 to 5 seconds" (the move page's dose). Thoracic rotation: "6 rotations per side, moving with the breath" (the move page's dose); let your head turn slowly with your chest. Seated side bend: "Hold 10 to 20 seconds, 2 or 3 times each side" (the move page's dose). Breath reach: "5 breaths, exhale longer than inhale" (the move page's dose).
3D demoLateral breathing (Pilates breathing)Beginner · No equipment
3D demoSeated marchBeginner · A bench or box
3D demoShoulder rollsBeginner · No equipment
3D demoSeated upper-back lift (sit tall, shoulders back)Beginner · A bench or box
3D demoThoracic rotationBeginner · No equipment
3D demoSeated overhead side bendBeginner · A bench or box
3D demoBreath reachBeginner · No equipmentStanding at a counter: legs and balance
A kitchen counter in front of you and a firm chair behind. Sit to stand: 2 sets of 5 to 8, slowly; wall push-up: 8 to 10; slow calf raise: 10; semi-tandem stance: 3 holds of up to 30 seconds, eyes open; heel-to-toe walk: 3 lengths beside the counter; wall angel: 6 to 8 slow reps (all our editorial starting points). Wall side leg lift: "10 to 12 each side" (the move page's dose). Side-stepping: "10 steps each way, next to a counter" (the move page's dose). One-leg stand: later, up to 30 seconds each leg with a hand ready on the counter (our editorial starting point).
3D demoSit to stand from a chairBeginner · A bench or box
3D demoWall push-upBeginner · A wall
3D demoWall side leg lift (standing side kick at the wall)Beginner · A wall
3D demoSlow calf raiseBeginner · A wall
3D demoSemi-tandem stanceBeginner · A wall
3D demoSide-stepping (sideways walking)Beginner · A wall
3D demoTandem stance and heel-to-toe walkBeginner · A wall
3D demoSingle-leg standBeginner · A wall
3D demoWall angelBeginner · A wallOn the mat, once cleared
Only once a clinician has treated any BPPV, or your dizziness isn't brought on by position, and only if these don't set off a spin. Lie back slowly with your head on a cushion or wedge, and use the getting-up steps each time. Pelvic tilt into bridge: 6 to 8 lifts (our editorial starting point). Knee fold: "2 sets of 5 to 10 each side, every other day" (the move page's dose). Side kick: "8 to 10 each side" (the move page's dose), on the side that doesn't set off a spin. Side-lying open book: "8 to 10 slow openings each side, pausing 2 seconds at the end" (the move page's dose), eyes following your hand slowly.
Reformer Pilates with vertigo
Getting on and off
Getting onto the carriage means lying down and getting off means sitting up, both BPPV triggers: move slowly, sit on the edge for a moment before standing, and keep a hand on the frame (our suggestion).
What to leave out
The short spine and other moves that take your hips over your head, and fast changes of position. Standing work beside the reformer, or on a counter, is a good start.
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Tell your teacher
Say that you get dizzy, so they can offer head-up options and give you time to change position (our suggestion).
Classes to follow
Our 20-minute head-up class never lies down, rolls or tips your head down: seated Pilates, then legs and balance at a kitchen counter. No trial has tested it: its order and doses are our editorial choice, from the NHS's advice on vertigo and balance. If you've been given vestibular rehabilitation exercises, do them every day as well. The seated classes suit a wobbly day; the balance class comes later, as it gets down to the floor.
Head-up Pilates for vertigo and dizziness: a 20-minute chair and counter class
A 20-minute Pilates class that never lies down, rolls or tips your head down: Pilates breathing and spine work in a chair, then legs and balance at a counter.
20 minBeginner16 movesA bench or box, A wall
Vestibular rehabilitation exercises: a balance routine for dizziness
A 15-minute routine for lasting dizziness from an inner-ear problem: the vertigo guide's head and eye exercises, then balance at a counter and a short walk.
15 minBeginner7 movesA wall, Cardio machine
Yoga for vertigo and dizziness: a 20-minute head-up class, sitting then at a counter
A 20-minute yoga class for people who get dizzy: slow breathing and spine moves sitting down, then strength and balance at a counter, with no head-down poses.
20 minBeginner15 movesA bench or box, A wallSeated chair Pilates: 15 minutes, no standing
A 15-minute chair Pilates class done entirely sitting down, in a chair or wheelchair: breathing, spine moves, and leg and arm strength with water bottles.
15 minBeginner13 movesA bench or box, Something with weight
Chair Pilates workout
A 20-minute chair Pilates workout for beginners and older adults: breathing, sitting tall, gentle spine and leg moves, and a standing finish at the chair.
20 minBeginner14 movesA bench or box, Something with weight
Balance exercises routine
Balance practice in 10 minutes: tandem stance, single-leg stands, marches, heel walks, tree pose and floor transfers.
10 minBeginner7 movesA wall, A bench or box
Strength and balance exercises for seniors
A 40-minute strength and balance session for over-65s, built from the Otago home programme and NHS exercises, using a chair, a counter and a step.
40 minBeginner18 movesA bench or box, Something with weightStanding Pilates for balance: a 25-minute counter and mat class
A 25-minute Pilates class for steadier balance: standing balance and leg strength at a kitchen counter, then mat work for your trunk and hips.
25 minBeginner17 movesA wall, A bench or boxA plan to follow
For older adults, the plan builds strength, balance and walking, which NICE recommends to prevent falls.
Warning signs: when to get help
The vertigo and stroke lines are from our exercises for vertigo and yoga for vertigo guides, the head injury line from our Pilates guides, word for word, and the heart lines from our other Pilates guides. This is general information, not a diagnosis. A&E means accident and emergency; in the US, call 911 for 999, and use your doctor's urgent line or urgent care for NHS 111.
Call 999 (911 in the US) or go to A&E
- Vertigo with double vision or loss of vision, hearing loss, trouble speaking, or weakness, numbness or tingling in an arm or leg.
- Spinning with a face that droops on one side, arms you can't lift and keep up, slurred or garbled speech, sudden problems with the sight in one eye, or feeling very off-balance: possible signs of a stroke. Call even if the signs have gone, if they happened in the last 24 hours.
- Sudden dizziness with a severe headache, confusion or blurred vision: the NHS lists these among the other signs of a stroke.
- In the US, the BE FAST check starts with B for balance: ask whether the person feels off-balance or dizzy, and call 911.
- Chest pain that feels tight or squeezing or spreads to your arms, neck or jaw, or severe difficulty breathing.
- After a fall, if someone may have hurt their head, back, neck or hip, or can't get up.
- Don't drive yourself to A&E.
A fall with a head injury
Call 999 if someone has hit their head and has been knocked out and hasn't woken up, can't stay awake or keep their eyes open, has a fit, has fallen from a height of more than 1 metre or 5 stairs, has problems with their vision or hearing, has clear fluid coming from their ears or nose, has new numbness or weakness, has problems with walking, balance, understanding, speaking or writing, hit their head at high speed, or their behaviour has changed. Get help from NHS 111 if they're being sick, feel dizzy or take medicine that thins the blood. If you're told to go to A&E (accident and emergency), don't drive yourself there if you have hit your head.
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Urgent GP appointment or NHS 111
- Vertigo with a severe headache.
- Vertigo with being sick or feeling very sick.
- Vertigo with a very high temperature, or feeling hot, cold or shivery.
- Sudden hearing loss in one ear.
- A fall that may have left you in pain, injured or unwell.
See a GP
- Vertigo that won't go away or keeps coming back.
- Labyrinthitis or vestibular neuritis that isn't better after a few days, is getting worse, or hasn't improved within a week of starting treatment.
- Symptoms of Ménière's disease.
- You keep feeling dizzy or faint, especially when you stand up.
- You've had a fall or you're worried about your balance.
Stop the session
Stop, and don't start again until a doctor says it's safe, if the exercises bring on:
- Sharp, severe or long-lasting pain in your neck, head or ear.
- A feeling of fullness in the ear, deafness or noises in the ear.
- Fainting or blacking out.
- Double vision.
- Numbness, weakness or tingling in your arms or legs.
During an attack
No Pilates (our suggestion). The NHS says to lie still in a quiet, dark room to reduce the spinning feeling.
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Chest pain or fainting: call 999
- You get sudden pain or discomfort in your chest that doesn't go away; it can feel like squeezing or pressure, burning or indigestion.
- The pain spreads to your left or right arm, or your neck, jaw, stomach or back.
- You have chest pain and feel sweaty, sick, light-headed or short of breath.
- Someone faints while exercising, can't be woken within 1 minute, or has chest pain or a pounding, fluttering or irregular heartbeat.
Breathlessness
Call 999 or go to A&E (accident and emergency) straight away for severe difficulty breathing (gasping, choking or not able to get words out), a chest that feels tight or heavy, pain that spreads to your arms, back, neck and jaw, lips or skin turning very pale, blue or grey, or sudden confusion. If you're more short of breath than usual, or your heart is racing, fluttering or skipping beats, contact NHS 111.
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Stop the session if
You feel any pain or become unwell, as the NHS advises for its Pilates videos, and especially for chest pain or pressure, unusual breathlessness, dizziness or fainting. If you have a health problem, an injury or any symptoms, get advice from a healthcare professional, such as a GP, before you start.
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Before you start
The NHS advises getting advice from a healthcare professional first if you have a health problem, an injury or symptoms, or have recently had a heart attack or an operation.
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Myths
"Pilates cures vertigo"Strong evidence
No study has tested Pilates for vertigo. BPPV is treated with a repositioning manoeuvre, and lasting dizziness with vestibular rehabilitation.
"Pilates causes vertigo"Mixed evidence
No study shows it causes BPPV or any other vertigo. The moves can set off a spin in someone who already has BPPV, because lying back, rolling up and tipping the head are its triggers.
"Roll-overs and inversions help vertigo"Mixed evidence
No study supports it, and head-down positions are BPPV triggers.
"Keep your head still until it passes"Strong evidence
Lie still during a bad attack, but moving again helps recovery: exercises after vestibular neuritis improved balance, and vestibular rehabilitation works by bringing on mild dizziness in a controlled way.
"After the Epley you must avoid exercise"Strong evidence
The US guideline strongly recommends against restrictions after a successful manoeuvre, and a UK review says they aren't needed. Follow your own clinician.
"Any exercise retrains your balance"Emerging evidence
General fitness work isn't vestibular rehabilitation; the gaze and balance exercises are specific and daily.
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Read next
- Exercises for vertigo
- Yoga for vertigo and dizziness
- Head-up Pilates for vertigo: the 20-minute class
- Vestibular rehabilitation exercises
- Pilates for balance
- Pilates after an ankle sprain
- Pilates for headaches
- Pilates for PoTS
- Chair Pilates
- Pilates for seniors
- Pilates over 50
- Exercise for migraine
- Exercise for older adults
- Concussion: the graduated return
- Pilates after a concussion
- Yoga for low blood pressure
- Pilates for low blood pressure
- How to improve balance
- The Pilates guide
Questions people ask
Is Pilates good for vertigo?
It isn't a treatment: no study has tested it. BPPV is treated with a repositioning manoeuvre, and lasting dizziness with vestibular rehabilitation exercises. Pilates can help you stay strong and steady alongside them, once a GP has checked your dizziness.
Is Pilates bad for vertigo?
It can set off a spin if you have BPPV, because lying back, sitting up, rolling and tipping your head down are the classic triggers. The spins aren't harmful, but leave those moves out until BPPV is treated, and change them afterwards if they still bother you.
Can Pilates cause vertigo?
No study shows that it causes BPPV or any other vertigo. If a class brings on a spin, it's more likely showing BPPV you already have; see a GP, who can test for it.
Why do I feel dizzy after Pilates?
Feeling light-headed as you stand up after lying down is often a drop in blood pressure, which usually passes quickly; that's our reading, as it hasn't been studied in Pilates. Finish your lying moves, roll to your side, sit for a minute, then stand slowly. If the room spins, or it keeps happening, see a GP.
Which Pilates exercises should I avoid with vertigo?
The roll-over, jack knife, control balance and boomerang, rolling like a ball and the seal, the roll-up and teaser, and head-down roll-downs; on the reformer, the short spine. Do side-lying work on the side that doesn't set off a spin.
Can I do reformer Pilates with vertigo?
Yes, with care: getting on and off the carriage means lying down and sitting up, so do it slowly, and skip the moves that take your hips over your head. Standing work at the reformer or a counter is a good start.
What Pilates can I do with vertigo?
Seated breathing, spine and shoulder work, then standing strength and balance at a kitchen counter with your eyes on a fixed point. Our head-up class has no lying down at all.
Can I do Pilates during a vertigo attack?
No. The NHS says to lie still in a quiet, dark room during an attack. Start again gently once it has settled.
Can I do Pilates after the Epley manoeuvre?
Yes. The US guideline strongly recommends against restrictions after a successful manoeuvre, though some UK leaflets still say to sit upright for the rest of the day. Follow your clinician, and leave the trigger moves out for a day or two if you like.
Does Pilates help vestibular migraine?
It hasn't been tested. Regular exercise is part of migraine self-care, and vestibular rehabilitation helped in small, mostly uncontrolled studies. Leave out head-down moves if they bring on symptoms; our Pilates for headaches guide covers migraine.
Can Pilates improve my balance if I get dizzy?
Pilates improved balance tests in older adults, but those trials didn't include people with dizziness. If you get dizzy, the specific vestibular exercises come first.
When is dizziness an emergency?
Call 999 for dizziness with a drooping face, a weak arm or slurred speech, double vision, hearing loss, a sudden severe headache, or numbness or weakness, even if it passes. Also call 999 after a fall with a head injury and any of the signs in our warning section.
Sources
- PubMed, Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov · Our searches for Pilates studies in vertigo and dizziness (November 2026)
- Hilton 2014 · The Epley manoeuvre for BPPV: 11 trials, 745 people (Cochrane review)
- McDonnell 2015 · Vestibular rehabilitation for inner-ear balance problems: 39 studies, 2,441 people (Cochrane review)
- NICE NG127 · Suspected neurological conditions: recognition and referral (2019, updated 2023; dizziness and vertigo)
- Ménière's & Vestibular UK · What is BPPV?
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 2026 · Understanding benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) (patient leaflet)
- NHS · Vertigo (past its review date: reviewed May 2023, review due May 2026)
- NHS · Dizziness (past its review date: reviewed April 2023, review due April 2026)
- NHS · Symptoms of a stroke
- ENT UK 2024 · BPPV and home Epley manoeuvre (patient leaflet)
- von Brevern 2007 · How common BPPV is in Germany (population study, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry)
- Cox 2025 · Assessing and treating BPPV in older adults (UK best-practice review, Age Ageing; read in full)
- Chen 2021 · What makes BPPV come back: 14 studies (systematic review and meta-analysis, J Neurol)
- NHS · Labyrinthitis
- Strupp 1998 · Balance exercises after vestibular neuritis in 39 people (controlled study, Neurology)
- NHS · Ménière's disease
- ENT UK 2025 · Ménière's disease (patient leaflet)
- Lempert 2022 · Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria (consensus, J Vestib Res)
- Staab 2017 · Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): diagnostic criteria (consensus, J Vestib Res)
- Tran 2021 · A drop in blood pressure on standing in older adults: 13 studies (systematic review and meta-analysis, Age Ageing)
- Mol 2019 · Low blood pressure on standing and falls in older adults: 50 studies (systematic review and meta-analysis, J Am Med Dir Assoc)
- NHS · Low blood pressure (hypotension) (past its review date: reviewed July 2023, review due July 2026)
- Kerber 2006 · Stroke among 1,666 people with dizziness in US emergency departments (population study, Stroke)
- Online Pilates Classes · Reformer short spine massage (exercise description, used for how the move is done)
- Bhattacharyya 2017 · Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (US ear, nose and throat surgeons' clinical practice guideline, Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg)
- Hunt 2012 · Changes to the Epley manoeuvre, including restrictions afterwards: 11 trials (Cochrane review)
- Amor-Dorado 2012 · A repositioning manoeuvre against Brandt-Daroff exercises in 81 people (randomised trial, Otol Neurotol)
- Hall 2022 · Vestibular rehabilitation (US physiotherapy clinical practice guideline, J Neurol Phys Ther)
- de Campos Júnior 2024 · Pilates and balance in older adults: 39 studies (systematic review and meta-analysis, Complement Ther Clin Pract)
- Regauer 2020 · Physiotherapy for older people with dizziness: 22 trials (systematic review, BMC Geriatr)
- NICE NG249 · Falls: assessment and prevention (2025)
- NHS · Balance exercises
- Gazbare 2021 · Yoga against vestibular exercises in 32 people with dizziness (randomised trial, Neurol India)
- McGibbon 2005 · Tai chi against vestibular rehabilitation in 36 people (randomised trial, BMC Neurol)
- Kendall 2016 · Non-drug treatments for dizziness in older people: 7 trials (systematic review, Phys Ther)
- Booth 2026 · Vestibular rehabilitation for vestibular migraine: 7 studies (systematic review and meta-analysis, Otol Neurotol)
- Webster 2023 · Non-drug treatments to prevent vestibular migraine (Cochrane review)
- ENT UK 2024 · Vestibular migraine (patient leaflet)
- Bazoni 2014 · Physical activity and BPPV in 491 older adults (cross-sectional study, Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol)
- Pauwels 2024 · Activity and frailty in 37 older adults with BPPV (case-control study, J Clin Med)
- Giacomini 2009 · BPPV after intense physical activity: 9 of 430 cases (case series, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol)
- NHS · Head injury and concussion
- NHS · Falls
- NHS · Chest pain (past its review date: reviewed August 2023, review due August 2026)
- NHS · Fainting
- NHS · Heart attack
- NHS · Shortness of breath
- NHS · Pilates for beginners (exercise video, with safety information)
Exercise education, not a personal prescription, and clinical review of these guides is pending. If you are pregnant, have a health condition or have had recent surgery, check with a doctor, midwife or physiotherapist before starting, and stop for sharp or increasing pain. Health disclaimer.