Warning signs: when to see a doctor
These are the warning signs from our love handles, belly fat, weight loss and yoga guides, word for word, apart from the lines given as the NHS's words or marked as our suggestion. This is general information, not a diagnosis. A&E means accident and emergency; in the US, call 911 for 999, and use your doctor's urgent line or urgent care for NHS 111.
Stop and get medical help
If you get chest pain or pressure, feel faint or dizzy, are unusually breathless, or your heart races or beats irregularly during exercise, as our plans advise.
Chest pain or fainting while exercising: call 999
Call 999 if:
- You get sudden pain or discomfort in your chest that doesn't go away; it can feel like squeezing or pressure, burning or indigestion.
- The pain spreads to your left or right arm, or your neck, jaw, stomach or back.
- You have chest pain and feel sweaty, sick, light-headed or short of breath.
- Someone faints while exercising, can't be woken within 1 minute, or has chest pain or a pounding, fluttering or irregular heartbeat.
Sources 64, 65
Unusual breathlessness
Call 999 or go to A&E (accident and emergency) straight away for severe difficulty breathing (gasping, choking or not able to get words out), a chest that feels tight or heavy, pain that spreads to your arms, back, neck and jaw, lips or skin turning very pale, blue or grey, or sudden confusion. If you're more short of breath than usual, or your heart is racing, fluttering or skipping beats, contact NHS 111.
Source 66
See a GP
See a GP if:
- fat is building up on your neck, upper back, chest and tummy while your arms and legs look thin, with a red, round face, easy bruising, stretch marks or weak muscles: it could be Cushing's syndrome, especially if you take steroid medicine (don't stop steroids without talking to your doctor)
- you find a lump anywhere on your body, or a lump is painful, red or hot, hard and fixed, growing, or still there after 2 weeks: many soft lumps on the back are lipomas, which are harmless, but a GP should check
Sources 67, 68, 69, 70
One hip sticking out
See a GP if you think you might have scoliosis: the NHS lists uneven shoulders, one shoulder or hip sticking out, and the ribs sticking out on one side among the signs.
Source 71
A painful bulge: call NHS 111 or get an urgent GP appointment
For a bulge in your groin or tummy that is painful, or comes with a swollen tummy, being sick or constipation, as our guide to exercise for men explains. In the US, contact your doctor or urgent care.
See a GP: bloating, losing weight without trying, or fat building up
If you feel bloated regularly, or have bloating with weight loss you can't explain or blood in your poo: the NHS says bloating that doesn't go away can sometimes be a sign of something more serious, such as ovarian cancer, whose symptoms include a swollen tummy or feeling bloated roughly 12 or more times a month. If you're losing weight without trying: it "can be a sign of stress or a serious illness. See a GP just in case." And if fat is building up on your tummy, neck and upper back while your arms and legs look thin, with a red, round face or stretch marks, especially on long-term steroid medicines: this can be Cushing's syndrome.
Sources 72, 73, 74, 67
Gaining weight you can't explain, in the NHS's words
The NHS lists health conditions that cause weight gain, such as an underactive thyroid, Cushing's syndrome and PMOS (polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome), and "certain medicines including some steroids, antidepressants and beta blockers". It says: "Speak to a GP for advice if you have a condition that makes it harder to stay a healthy weight." Don't stop a medicine without talking to your doctor (our suggestion).
Source 49
Help to lose weight
The NHS suggests seeing a GP if your BMI is in the overweight or obese range and you want help to lose weight, your waist is more than half your height, or you have conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure or sleep apnoea.
Source 49
When eating, exercise or your body becomes a worry
The NHS lists spending a lot of time worrying about your weight and body shape, eating very little food, exercising too much, and having very strict routines around food among the signs of an eating disorder, and says to see a GP as soon as you can. Worrying a lot about one area of your body can be body dysmorphic disorder. Beat's helpline in England is 0808 801 0677, and our eating disorders guide has the other numbers.
Sources 75, 76, 77
Yoga doesn't protect against it
In a survey of 2,287 young adults, women who did yoga or Pilates had disordered eating as often as those who didn't, and men who did them reported more extreme weight-control behaviours (18.6% against 6.8%). Set goals for strength, control and how you feel, not calories burned.
Source 78
Medicines for diabetes or weight loss
If you take insulin or a sulfonylurea, exercise can bring on a hypo: see our type 2 diabetes guide. If you're on weight loss injections, see the exercise advice in our exercise for weight loss guide.
Check with your GP first
If you haven't exercised for some time, or you have a medical condition or concerns, speak to your GP before starting. If you take insulin or another medicine that can cause low blood sugar, our type 2 diabetes guide covers exercising safely.
Source 15
A heart condition
If you have a heart condition, follow your cardiac team's advice on how hard to work, and stop for the warning signs above. People with long-term conditions may wish to ask their specialist before starting. With uncontrolled high blood pressure, avoid straining against a held breath; the high blood pressure guide has more.
During yoga
A joint pain that is sharp, gets worse during a session, lingers into the next day or changes how you move is a reason to use an easier version, and to see a GP or physiotherapist if it keeps happening (the rule in our plans). Muscle soreness for a day or two after something new is normal. In a hot class, stop if you feel dizzy, sick or unwell; our hot yoga guide lists the signs of heat illness.
You can say no to any hands-on adjustment, and a teacher registered with Yoga Alliance must get your explicit consent each time.
Sources 62, 79
Head-down poses, bones and pregnancy
With glaucoma, or high blood pressure that isn't under control, skip headstands, shoulder stands and long head-down holds. With osteoporosis, swap deep forward folds for a flat-back hinge from the hips, and twist smoothly. In pregnancy, our yoga in pregnancy guide covers the changes. NCCIH advises beginners to avoid headstands, shoulder stands, the lotus position and forceful breathing.
Sources 80, 62
Before you start
The NHS advises getting advice from a healthcare professional first if you have a health problem, an injury or symptoms, or have recently had a heart attack or an operation.
If you have a heart, lung or joint condition, are pregnant or have recently been unwell, start gently and read our guide for your condition. Muscle soreness for a day or two after a new exercise is common and fades as you repeat it.