Yoga guide
Yoga suits older women well: it trains balance, leg strength and flexibility, can ease mood and sleep a little, and works on a mat, at a wall or in a chair. Most yoga trials in older adults are mostly women, and they found small gains, about as much as other exercise. Yoga hasn't been shown to build bone or prevent falls, so it works best beside strength training with a band or weights, some impact if it's safe for you, and walking.
This guide covers what changes for bone, muscle and the pelvic floor after the menopause, what the trials show, yoga and weights, balance and falls, leaking and prolapse, the few poses to change for your bones, how to start at 60, 70 or later, and the classes to follow. Our yoga for women, yoga over 50 and yoga for seniors guides cover the wider questions, and our yoga for osteoporosis guide goes deeper on bones.
In trials of people aged 60 and over, most of them women, yoga improved balance, lower-body flexibility and leg strength against doing nothing, and about as much as other exercise. The gains shrink once missing small studies are allowed for, and the few trials in older women alone are small, with mixed results.
Bone is lost fastest from about a year before the last period to 2 years after it, and muscle starts to fall at the start of the menopause transition. About one in two women will break a bone from a minor fall at some point.
In 11 studies of 591 women, yoga or Pilates didn't change bone density. The UK osteoporosis consensus puts strength training and impact first for bone, with yoga among the strength and balance activities. A band, weights or a strength class adds what yoga lacks.
Yoga improves balance a little, but it hasn't been shown to prevent falls. What does is balance and everyday movement practice 3 or more times a week, made harder over at least 12 weeks, as the world falls guidelines say.
Until you know your bones are healthy, fold from your hips with a long back, keep twists smooth, and leave out plough, shoulder stand and headstand. Spinal fractures have been reported after yoga poses that bend the spine far forward.
In 240 women aged 45 to 90, a pelvic yoga programme eased leaking about as much as general stretching and strengthening. The first treatment for leaking from NICE (the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) is supervised pelvic floor muscle training for at least 3 months, and you can practise the squeeze in your poses.
In the US in 2022, 23.3% of women did yoga against 10.3% of men, and 8.0% of people aged 65 and over. In a UK survey of 2,434 practitioners, 87% were women.
Among 1,925 Australian women aged 53 to 95 with long-term conditions, 6.8% did yoga. Women with obesity or diabetes were less likely to, which says more about who classes welcome than about who could benefit.
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In 15 of 22 yoga trials in older adults, more than 70% of the volunteers were women. The evidence still comes mostly from small trials that couldn't hide from people whether they were doing yoga.
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These are normal changes, not a reason to slow down. Muscle and bone respond to training at any age.
In 862 women followed for 10 years, the spine lost 10.6% of its bone density and the hip 9.1%, most of it from a year before the final period to 2 years after. The NHS lists the menopause among the things that raise the chance of osteoporosis, and says there are usually no symptoms until a bone breaks. About one in two women will have a fracture from a fall from standing height or less.
At the start of the menopause transition, fat gain sped up and lean mass began to fall, with no faster rise in weight. In 1,880 adults in their 70s, women lost leg strength at 2.6 to 3.0% a year, about three times faster than they lost muscle.
The NHS says pelvic organ prolapse "is common in women over 50" and more common after the menopause. Leaking is common too, and the NHS says you should not feel embarrassed talking to a GP about it.
At least one in three people over 65 living at home fall each year. In the largest review of exercise to prevent falls, the volunteers averaged 76 and 77% were women.
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Most yoga trials in older adults are small, and people knew whether they were doing yoga. We say where the evidence is thin.
Across 22 trials in people aged 60 and over, yoga improved balance, lower-body flexibility and leg strength against doing nothing (effect sizes 0.45 to 0.7), and leg strength and flexibility against other activities (0.49 and 0.28). In 6 good-quality trials of 307 people, balance improved by a small amount and getting about by a medium amount.
A 2026 review of 21 studies and 1,471 older adults found that, after adjusting for small studies that may be missing, the gain in moving balance was no longer significant and the leg strength gain was borderline. Quality of life still improved.
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In 33 studies of 2,384 people aged 65 and over, yoga improved walking speed and leg strength and endurance against education or no exercise, with moderate certainty, but it "may not offer benefit over active interventions" such as other exercise.
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A 2025 review found only 6 trials in older women, with 18 to 38 women each and 170 in all. Their effects on balance, walking and leg strength were inconsistent, and the review found no definite effect on falls.
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In a UK trial of 454 adults aged 65 and over with two or more long-term conditions, 12 weeks of chair yoga, mostly online, didn't improve quality of life or the other main outcomes, including falls. It was safe, most people found it acceptable, and it was probably good value.
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Against doing nothing, yoga eased depression and improved sleep quality in older adults. In women with sleep problems, sleep improved a little across 19 trials, but not clearly around and after the menopause, and in 240 women with leaking, yoga did no better for sleep than general exercise.
In 79 older women with memory complaints, Kundalini yoga improved how well they felt their memory worked more than memory training did. But 35% of the yoga group didn't finish, and it was a single small trial.
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In 118 people over 60 with a rounded upper back, yoga 3 times a week for 6 months improved one measure of the curve by 4.4%, but not another measure, physical performance or quality of life. Our yoga for kyphosis guide has more.
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Across 94 trials, yoga was about as safe as usual care or other exercise. In US emergency departments, yoga injuries were more common at 65 and over (57.9 per 100,000 people doing yoga, against 11.9 at 18 to 44), most often to the trunk and mostly sprains and strains, and US health advice is to learn with a qualified teacher.
In 11 studies of 591 women aged 45 to 78, Pilates or yoga didn't change bone density (and some of the studies weren't randomised). Two yoga trials pooled in a 2025 review showed no effect, and a review for Osteoporosis Canada found only very low certainty evidence for yoga in people at risk of fracture.
The widely shared study of 12 minutes of daily yoga compared volunteers' own scans before and after starting, with no control group, and analysed 227 of 741 people. It can't show that yoga changed their bones.
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Reviews of mind-body exercise, mostly tai chi and similar practices rather than yoga, found a small rise in bone density in 11 trials of women around and after the menopause. Across 74 trials, mind-body exercise combined with strength training did best at the spine and hip, and programmes of a year or more were more consistent. These don't show that yoga alone builds bone.
In the Million Women Study, 371,279 healthy postmenopausal UK women followed for 12 years, those who took part in yoga had 16% fewer hip fractures. This is an association in healthy, active women, not proof that yoga prevents fractures: women who choose yoga differ in many ways.
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The UK consensus recommends "resistance and impact exercise to maximise bone strength". In 101 women aged about 65 with low bone mass, 8 months of twice-weekly supervised heavy lifting and jumping raised spine density by 2.9%, against a 1.2% fall with home exercise, with one minor back spasm (figures as published; a later correction to the trial couldn't be read). The Royal Osteoporosis Society says exercise is "not a replacement for an osteoporosis medicine".
Across 73 trials, progressive strength training had a large effect on older adults' strength and helped getting up from a chair. On the same programmes, women over 50 gained as much strength as men relative to where they started, and more in the legs.
The NHS lists yoga among muscle-strengthening activities for older adults. Its own strength gain is small, so a band, weights or a strength class on 2 days a week takes it further.
Case reports describe spinal fractures after yoga poses that bend the spine far forward: 3 people with low bone density in one series and 9 (8 of them women) in another. A review found such events rare. The UK consensus advises avoiding a high degree of spinal flexion, so fold from your hips and keep twists smooth.
Exercise cut the rate of falls by 23% across 59 trials, with high certainty. The world falls guidelines recommend balance-challenging and everyday movements, such as standing up from a chair and stepping, 3 or more times a week, made harder for at least 12 weeks, and tai chi or strength training where possible.
Reviews call yoga's effect on falls mixed. The authors of the 60-plus review asked whether its balance gains would "translate to prevention of falls", and no trial has shown that they do.
The world falls guidelines note that supervised classes such as Pilates or yoga had the largest effects on fear of falling in two reviews. Feeling steadier makes it easier to stay active.
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In 32 women with osteoporosis, adding 2 minutes a day of tree pose to an exercise programme improved one-leg standing at 6 weeks. It's one small trial, but a simple way to add balance practice.
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In 240 women aged 45 to 90 (average 62) who leaked every day, 12 weeks of pelvic yoga cut leaking by 2.3 episodes a day and general stretching and strengthening by 1.9, not a meaningful difference. The trial was well run, with no untreated group. In its overactive bladder group, yoga eased bother a little more but not leaks.
Before that trial, a Cochrane review found 2 small trials (49 women) and couldn't say whether yoga helps leaking.
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NICE recommends at least 3 months of supervised pelvic floor muscle training as the first treatment for stress or mixed leaking, and a Cochrane review found it cures or improves leaking. In women aged 60 and over, it reduced leaking and was about as effective as yoga or Pilates in head-to-head studies. Our pelvic floor guides show how to do the squeeze.
The NHS says treatment can include pelvic floor muscle training, usually with a specialist women's health physiotherapist, and suggests avoiding activities that strain the pelvic floor, like heavy lifting, running and trampolining. Our yoga for prolapse guide covers the poses to change.
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People who became active in midlife, after years of doing little, had lower death rates than those who stayed inactive, similarly for women and men. Yoga trials have included women up to 90.
The NHS asks older adults to do activities that improve strength, balance and flexibility on at least 2 days a week, plus 150 minutes of moderate activity such as brisk walking. The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests balance and strength on 3 or more days.
The British Wheel of Yoga suggests a gentle beginners' class if you're new, and chair yoga if getting up and down from the mat is hard. Look for standing strength, balance near a wall or chair, and a teacher who offers swaps for bones, eyes and blood pressure. Hot yoga isn't needed.
Chair yoga suits anyone who can't stand safely for long, and the UK trial found it safe. As you get steadier, use the chair for support in standing poses, so you practise balance as well. Our chair yoga guide has more.
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Slow breathing: 2 minutes, in for about 4 and out for about 6, with no holds (our yoga for osteoporosis and yoga over 50s classes). Breath reach: "5 breaths, exhale longer than inhale" (the move page's dose). Breathe out through every effort in the poses that follow.
Chair pose: 3 holds of 5 breaths. Sit to stand: 8 to 10 slow stands, the chair against a wall. Warrior II and high lunge: 5 breaths each side (all from our yoga for osteoporosis class). Wall push-up: 5 to 10. Band row: 2 sets of 10 to 15, stopping 2 to 3 reps short of failure (both from our yoga for longevity class).
3D demoChair pose (Utkatasana)Beginner · No equipment
3D demoSit to stand from a chairBeginner · A bench or box
3D demoWarrior II (Virabhadrasana II)Intermediate · No equipment
3D demoHigh lunge (crescent lunge, Ashta Chandrasana)Intermediate · No equipment
3D demoWall push-upBeginner · A wall
3D demoBand rowBeginner · A band + An anchor pointMountain pose: "Stand for 5 to 10 slow breaths, 2 or 3 times. Once you feel steady, add a round with your eyes closed, within reach of a wall (our editorial starting point)." (the move page's dose). Tree pose: 3 to 5 breaths each side, twice, fingertips on the wall. Heel-to-toe: 30 seconds each way round, then 10 steps (both from our yoga for osteoporosis class). Warrior III: 3 breaths each side, twice, hands on a chair back (our yoga over 50s class). If falls are a worry, practise balance 3 or more times a week.
Seated upper back lift: "3 to 5 repetitions, each held 3 to 5 seconds, at least twice a week (UK osteoporosis consensus, 2022)." (from the move page's dose). Locust: 3 to 5 lifts, held 3 to 5 seconds. Low cobra: 5 lifts, held 3 to 5 seconds. Bird dog, one limb: 5 each arm and leg, holding 3 to 5 seconds (all from our yoga for osteoporosis class).
Hip hinge fold: "5 slow folds, 3 breaths at the bottom" (the move page's dose), in place of deep forward folds. Thoracic rotation: 5 each side, turning smoothly. Cat-cow: 5 or 6 slow rounds, keeping the rounding small (both from our yoga for osteoporosis class).
Pelvic floor squeezes: "Start with 8 slow holds of up to 10 seconds and 8 quick squeezes, three times a day, and build towards 10 of each" (from the move page's dose). Pelvic floor relaxation: "5 to 10 slow breaths, 1 to 3 times a day" (from the move page's dose). In class, lift gently as you breathe out in mountain and chair pose, as our yoga for the pelvic floor class does.
Getting up and down from the floor: 2 slow cycles, using a chair (our yoga over 50s class); practise with someone there at first. Glute bridge: 6 to 8 slow lifts, not up onto your shoulders (our yoga over 50s class). Corpse pose: "Lie still for at least 5 minutes, up to 10, usually at the end of a session: Yoga Journal's guide suggests at least 5." (the move page's dose), with a cushion under your knees.
Heel drops: "20 to 30 drops at first, building toward about 50 impacts on most days, for example 5 sets of 10." (from the move page's dose), if impact is safe for you, as the UK osteoporosis consensus advises. Our bone-strengthening workout puts them with strength moves.
Leave them out until you know your bones are healthy, as our yoga over 50 and yoga for osteoporosis guides advise, and with glaucoma or high blood pressure that isn't controlled. US health advice is that beginners avoid headstands and shoulder stands.
The Royal Osteoporosis Society names touching your toes among exercises that can put pressure on the spine, and suggests the hip hinge, "bending forward from your hip and keeping your back straight". Swap seated and wide-legged forward folds for the hip hinge fold.
Experts writing on adapting yoga for osteoporosis suggest avoiding the end of the range in any direction. Our suggestion: leave out camel, wheel and bow, keep low cobra and locust small, and leave out boat pose and sit-ups if your bones are fragile.
With glaucoma or high blood pressure that isn't controlled, keep your hips on the floor, as the move's caution says. Roll to your side and sit for a moment before you stand.
Our editorial plan, following the NHS older adults guidelines, the UK osteoporosis consensus, NICE's pelvic floor advice and the world falls guidelines.
See the movement on the 3D figure: Chair pose (Utkatasana)
The longevity class puts strength with a band, balance at a counter and getting up from the floor into 35 minutes. The osteoporosis class has the bone-safe swaps built in, the pelvic floor class puts the squeeze into the poses, and the chair classes suit anyone who can't stand for long. The Pilates class for women over 40 adds weights and impact.
A 35-minute yoga class for ageing well: a brisk start, leg and upper-body strength with grip, balance at a counter, and getting down to the floor and up.
35 minBeginner20 movesBench or box, wallA 30-minute yoga class for osteoporosis: standing strength, balance at a wall, back-strengthening holds and hip hinges in place of deep forward folds.
30 minBeginner19 movesBench or box, wallA 30-minute yoga class for people over 50: standing strength, balance at the wall, back strengthening and gentle hips, with no deep forward folds.
30 minBeginner19 movesBench or box, wallA 30-minute yoga class for your pelvic floor: poses from a trial programme, a gentle lift as you breathe out, a full release, and supported rest poses.
30 minBeginner17 movesStep, firm cushionThirty minutes of standing yoga for balance: strong standing poses, one-leg poses at the wall, and side steps, backward steps, reaches and sit-to-stands.
30 minBeginner16 movesWall, bench or boxA free 20-minute chair yoga class for older adults: slow breathing, gentle seated stretches and twists, standing poses holding the chair, and a calm finish.
20 minBeginner18 movesBench or box, something with weightA 15-minute chair yoga routine done entirely sitting: slow breathing, neck, shoulder and wrist stretches, seated twists and side bends, and a calm finish.
15 minBeginner16 movesBench or boxA 25-minute gentle yoga class for complete beginners and over-50s: slow breathing, a warm-up, supported standing poses, floor poses and a closing rest.
25 minBeginner14 movesNo equipmentThirty-five minutes of standing strength, balance, back strengthening and a long relaxation for the menopause, with no deep forward folds or shoulder stands.
35 minBeginner15 movesFirm cushionA 20-minute bedtime yoga class on the mat: slow breathing with no holds, a few gentle movements, lying stretches and a long rest before bed.
20 minBeginner9 movesFirm cushion, wallImpact, strength and balance for stronger bones, following UK osteoporosis consensus advice, with options for every level.
40 minBeginner14 movesKettlebell, other / check instructionsA 40-minute class for women over 40: pelvic floor squeezes, heel drops for bone, strength with dumbbells and a band, head-down Pilates and balance.
40 minBeginner19 movesDumbbell, bandA 40-minute strength and balance session for over-65s, built from the Otago home programme and NHS exercises, using a chair, a counter and a step.
40 minBeginner18 movesBench or box, something with weightFor strength, bone and walking alongside yoga.
A weekly plan for women over 50: strength, bone-loading and balance on 3 days plus walking, built on UK osteoporosis consensus advice.
3 training days45 minBeginner3 days a weekA 12-week exercise plan for over-65s: strength and balance three times a week, short balance sessions and daily walks, based on falls-prevention trials.
3 training days40 minBeginner6 days a weekA free 8-week walking plan for beginners: build to 150 minutes of brisk walking a week, with intervals, hills and two short strength sessions.
6 training days40 minBeginnerFold from your hips, twist smoothly, and leave out plough, shoulder stand and headstand. With a high fracture risk, keep side bends small too, as our yoga for osteoporosis guide explains.
Start supervised, and see a physiotherapist before you start yoga, as the lines below say.
Stop poses that bring on heaviness, dragging, a bulge or leaking, and breathe out on effort. Our yoga for prolapse and yoga for the pelvic floor guides have the swaps.
Follow your surgeon's limits; our yoga after a hip replacement and yoga after a knee replacement guides cover the poses.
Use chair yoga, or the chair version of the floor practice. A falls service can teach you how to get up after a fall.
Most older women can start yoga without a check-up. These are the site's lines for when to check first and when to get help, word for word from our older adults, falls, bone, pelvic floor and yoga guides. This is general information, not a diagnosis. A&E means accident and emergency; in the US, call 911 for 999, and use your doctor's urgent line or urgent care for NHS 111.
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You're frail, have moderate to severe dementia, have had a spinal fracture or fall regularly: the UK guidelines suggest any new exercise is supervised by a trained professional at first.
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Call 999 if:
Call 999 or go to A&E (accident and emergency) straight away for severe difficulty breathing (gasping, choking or not able to get words out), a chest that feels tight or heavy, pain that spreads to your arms, back, neck and jaw, lips or skin turning very pale, blue or grey, or sudden confusion. If you're more short of breath than usual, or your heart is racing, fluttering or skipping beats, contact NHS 111.
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If you have fallen, or are worried about falling, ask your GP about a falls assessment. The NHS says strength, balance and flexibility exercise will help make you stronger and feel more confident on your feet.
The NHS says to see a GP if you have "back pain that is not getting better after a few weeks" or your spine becomes curved or your posture hunched, to ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if you've had a fall or injury and the pain isn't getting better, and to call 999 or go to A&E for "severe pain after a fall or injury".
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"See a GP if you have any type of urinary incontinence", the NHS says, and don't feel embarrassed: it's common. See a GP too about a lump or bulge in or around your vagina, or other signs of a prolapse such as heaviness, dragging or problems emptying your bladder or bowel. NHS continence services, with specialist nurses and physiotherapists, can diagnose the problem and start treatment.
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Stop, drop back to an easier level and rest if you feel heaviness, dragging, pressure or a bulge, or you leak, during or after an activity. If you see or feel a bulge when you squeeze, stop the pelvic floor exercises and get help.
In many areas you can refer yourself. See one if the exercises are hard to do, if your symptoms haven't improved after about 3 months of regular practice, or before you go back to running, jumping or heavier lifting.
If you cannot pee at all, get urgent help from a GP or NHS 111, and if it comes on suddenly with severe tummy pain, call 999 or go to A&E.
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New problems with your bladder or bowels together with back pain or numbness can be a spinal emergency rather than a pelvic floor problem. Call 999 (911 in the US) or go to A&E if you have back pain with:
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See a GP if you notice bleeding from your vagina after the menopause, "even if it's only a small amount or it's only happened once", the NHS says.
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Dizzy, faint, unusually breathless, or sharp or increasing pain. Sit down until it passes, and see a GP if you keep getting dizzy or faint when you stand up.
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A joint pain that is sharp, gets worse during a session, lingers into the next day or changes how you move is a reason to use an easier version, and to see a GP or physiotherapist if it keeps happening (the rule in our plans). Muscle soreness for a day or two after something new is normal. In a hot class, stop if you feel dizzy, sick or unwell; our hot yoga guide lists the signs of heat illness.
You can say no to any hands-on adjustment, and a teacher registered with Yoga Alliance must get your explicit consent each time.
Breathe out through every effort, especially with high blood pressure, heart disease, glaucoma or diabetic eye disease, a hernia, or in pregnancy (our guide to getting stronger). With glaucoma or uncontrolled high blood pressure, skip headstands, shoulder stands and other full inversions, and keep other head-down poses brief or supported.
With glaucoma, or high blood pressure that isn't under control, skip headstands, shoulder stands and long head-down holds. With osteoporosis, swap deep forward folds for a flat-back hinge from the hips, and twist smoothly. In pregnancy, our yoga in pregnancy guide covers the changes. NCCIH advises beginners to avoid headstands, shoulder stands, the lotus position and forceful breathing.
The NHS advises getting advice from a healthcare professional first if you have a health problem, an injury or symptoms, or have recently had a heart attack or an operation.
Yoga or Pilates didn't change bone density in 11 studies, and the popular 12-minute study had no comparison group. Women who do yoga had fewer hip fractures in one large study, but that's an association. For bone, add strength training, impact and medicine where it's needed.
The UK consensus recommends strength training for bone, and in women with low bone mass, supervised heavy lifting raised spine density with one minor problem. The Royal Osteoporosis Society says "It is how you lift rather than how much you lift that matters", and older women gain strength as well as men do.
It doesn't build bone on its own, but it trains balance and leg strength, and the UK consensus counts yoga among the strength and balance activities that help prevent falls and support posture. Pair it with load.
It improves balance, but no trial has shown fewer falls. Balance practice 3 or more times a week, made harder over at least 12 weeks, does cut falls.
Trials have included women up to 90, and becoming active later in life still went with lower death rates. Chairs, blocks and a wall make every pose reachable.
It helped about as much as general exercise, not more. Supervised pelvic floor training is the first treatment, and yoga is a good place to practise the squeeze.
No trial has measured that, and nothing here promises a look or a shape. What trials measured were balance, strength, flexibility, mood and sleep.
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Yes. In trials of people over 60, most of them women, yoga improved balance, flexibility, leg strength, mood and sleep a little, about as much as other exercise. It hasn't been shown to build bone or prevent falls, so pair it with strength training, walking and balance practice.
A gentle beginners' class, hatha or chair yoga, with a teacher who offers swaps. Look for standing strength, balance near a wall and back-strengthening poses, and skip hot rooms and classes that push deep folds or headstands.
Yes. Trials have included women up to 90, and it's never too late to become more active. Start with a chair or beginners' class, and see your GP first if you get chest pain, breathlessness or dizziness when you're active, or have had a fall.
Not on its own: in 11 studies of 591 women, bone density didn't change. Strength training and impact build bone, and exercise doesn't replace osteoporosis medicine. Yoga still helps balance and posture.
Yes, with a few changes. Fold from your hips with a long back, keep twists smooth, and leave out plough, shoulder stand and headstand. A few case reports link extreme forward bending in yoga to spinal fractures, and our yoga for osteoporosis guide has a class with the swaps built in.
It improves balance a little, but it hasn't been shown to prevent falls. If falls worry you, practise balance 3 or more times a week and make it harder over at least 12 weeks. Ask your GP about a falls assessment if you've fallen.
For muscle and bone, yes. Progressive strength training has a large effect on older adults' strength, and older women gain as much as men relative to where they start. A band in your yoga practice, or two strength sessions a week, does it.
A 12-week pelvic yoga programme eased leaking about as much as general stretching and strengthening. Pelvic floor muscle training is the first treatment, ideally supervised for at least 3 months. You can practise the squeeze in your yoga poses.
Yes, if standing or getting down to the floor is hard. In a UK trial of 454 people over 65, chair yoga was safe and most people liked it, though it didn't change quality of life. As you get steadier, use the chair for support in standing poses.
Two or three sessions a week fits the NHS advice of strength, balance and flexibility activities on at least 2 days, alongside 150 minutes of moderate activity. The WHO suggests balance and strength on 3 or more days.
Neither has been shown to be better. Both improve balance and strength a little, and neither builds bone on its own. Choose the one you'll keep doing; our Pilates for older women and Pilates for women over 40 guides cover Pilates.
A little. Against doing nothing, yoga eased depression and improved sleep quality in older adults, though in one trial it did no better for sleep than general exercise. If low mood or poor sleep lasts, see your GP.
Exercise education, not a personal prescription, and clinical review of these guides is pending. If you are pregnant, have a health condition such as glaucoma, high blood pressure or osteoporosis, or have had recent surgery, check with a doctor, midwife or physiotherapist before starting, and stop for sharp or increasing pain. Health disclaimer.
