Help and warning signs
These match our Pilates for teenagers, yoga for kids, exercise for stress and back pain guides, word for word, with one line of our own, labelled. If you're a parent, these are the signs to know; if you're a teenager, tell an adult you trust. This is general information, not a diagnosis. A&E means accident and emergency; in the US, call 911 for 999.
If you need help now
If you are thinking about suicide or can't keep yourself safe, call 999 or go to A&E. For urgent help, call Samaritans free on 116 123, any time, or in England call 111 and select the mental health option. In the US, call or text 988.
Call Samaritans free on 116 123, any time, day or night (UK and Ireland). If you're under 19, you can also call Childline on 0800 1111.
Text SHOUT to 85258, any time.
Sources 10, 73
Call 999 or go to A&E if
- Your life is at risk: for example, you have seriously harmed yourself or taken an overdose.
- You feel you may be about to harm yourself, or you can't keep yourself or someone else safe.
Source 10
Low mood or worry that won't lift
The NHS says: "If you think your child is depressed, or you're concerned about their general wellbeing, make an appointment with them to see a GP." The charity YoungMinds runs a free parents' helpline on 0808 802 5544, Monday to Friday, 9.30am to 4pm.
Source 32
Eating and exercise
Exercising compulsively, or to control your weight or make up for eating, can be a sign of an eating disorder. Our exercise and eating disorders guide explains the signs and where to get help.
The NHS lists signs such as spending a lot of time worrying about your weight and body shape, exercising too much, and having very strict habits or routines around food. If that sounds like you, see a GP as soon as you can. You can also talk in confidence to the eating disorder charity Beat: 0808 801 0677 (England), 0808 801 0432 (Scotland), 0808 801 0433 (Wales) or 0808 801 0434 (Northern Ireland), 3pm to 8pm, Monday to Friday.
Sources 74, 75
Periods and training
Training hard on too little food harms health and performance in girls and boys: this is called relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). See a GP if you miss 3 periods in a row, your periods haven't started by 15, or you keep getting injured or feel exhausted.
Source 76
Chest pain or fainting while exercising: call 999
Call 999 if:
- You get sudden pain or discomfort in your chest that doesn't go away; it can feel like squeezing or pressure, burning or indigestion.
- The pain spreads to your left or right arm, or your neck, jaw, stomach or back.
- You have chest pain and feel sweaty, sick, light-headed or short of breath.
- Someone faints while exercising, can't be woken within 1 minute, or has chest pain or a pounding, fluttering or irregular heartbeat.
Sources 77, 78
Back pain with these signs: call 999
Back pain with numbness around the genitals or bottom, new trouble peeing or controlling the bladder or bowels, or weakness or numbness in both legs. These can be signs of cauda equina syndrome, which needs treating in hospital urgently.
Source 79
Back pain: see a GP
- A teenager in a sport that arches or twists the back, such as gymnastics, dance, diving, volleyball, tennis, cricket fast bowling, baseball pitching, weightlifting, football or rugby, with back pain that lasts more than a couple of weeks, is worse arching back or stops them training: get it checked by a GP or sports physiotherapist. It can be a stress fracture in the spine.
- Back pain and stiffness that persists in a teenager or young adult. Ankylosing spondylitis tends to start at that age and can affect the whole spine.
Sources 51, 53, 79
An urgent GP appointment or NHS 111 the same day
Sudden pain in the hip, thigh or knee, a limp, or not putting any weight on 1 leg: an urgent GP appointment or NHS 111 the same day. Hip problems can sometimes be felt in the thigh or knee.
Source 80
In the heat
The NHS says the signs of heat exhaustion are often the same in adults and children: tiredness, dizziness, a headache, feeling or being sick, heavy sweating, cramps, a high temperature, being very thirsty and feeling irritable. Move them somewhere cool, give them fluids and cool their skin. Call 999 if they are still unwell after 30 minutes of resting in a cool place, being cooled and drinking fluids, or they have a very high temperature, hot skin that isn't sweating, a fast heartbeat or fast breathing, confusion, a fit or they lose consciousness.
Source 72
Health conditions
The NHS says children and young people should get medical advice about exercising if they have a health condition. Tell the teacher about asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, very bendy joints, Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, a recent injury or any medicine.
Source 2
During yoga
A joint pain that is sharp, gets worse during a session, lingers into the next day or changes how you move is a reason to use an easier version, and to see a GP or physiotherapist if it keeps happening (the rule in our plans). Muscle soreness for a day or two after something new is normal. In a hot class, stop if you feel dizzy, sick or unwell; our hot yoga guide lists the signs of heat illness.
You can say no to any hands-on adjustment, and a teacher registered with Yoga Alliance must get your explicit consent each time.
Our suggestion, from NSPCC sport guidance: a good teacher asks before touching, explains why, and never touches you out of sight of others. You can say no at any time, and you don't have to give a reason. Parents can ask a teacher about their safeguarding policy and checks.
Sources 67, 13, 14
Head-down poses
With glaucoma, or high blood pressure that isn't under control, skip headstands, shoulder stands and long head-down holds. With osteoporosis, swap deep forward folds for a flat-back hinge from the hips, and twist smoothly. In pregnancy, our yoga in pregnancy guide covers the changes. NCCIH advises beginners to avoid headstands, shoulder stands, the lotus position and forceful breathing.
Sources 81, 67
If you're worried about a young person's safety
The NSPCC helpline is 0808 800 5000, and children and young people can call Childline free on 0800 1111.
Source 68
Before you start
The NHS advises getting advice from a healthcare professional first if you have a health problem, an injury or symptoms, or have recently had a heart attack or an operation.